What is Time? What happens if light stops?

I could not answer these questions of my 12-years-old son properly.

I began to examine documents related to the subject. When I look at the existing theories on this subject, I saw a different result.

In fact, almost all the answers are ahead of us but we are failing to gather them.

While I was searching how to combine them, I made a simple change of perspective.

I thought "the time" must be a participant of matter creation.

At that time, nearly all the parts fit.

I benefited from available results of the calculations and scientific researches to supplement my lack of knowledge. It is not possible to count all resources which are beneficial for me. I used nearly all the resources which I was able to reach like books, documentaries and some other web sites. So I am thanking all of them who might think that I benefited from their works.

(But I think, my assumption is unique because, I have not read or hear it before.

So I put this on web to mark the time and for share.

Let me first answer the question, it is not possible a journey to the past. If I am right, a proper technology can not be developed in the future. So it is not possible to return from the future. However, we may travel to future. The only possible thing might be to travel to the past of alternative parallel universes and return form here to future of another the alternative parallel universe. But it will not be possible to return to the past in the same space-time universes. (We might be even wandering among these alternative universes with every decision. (?)

What happens if light stops?

If light stops, time also stops. Also stops the expansion of space. All materials will be broken down to until the singularity. All substances will be transformed into energy states. This energy intensive fields are distributed equally everywhere in space, due to entropy law. It lasts, until all the frequencies will be at the equal level radiation. It is the return to previous period of big bang.

Time flows. We understood it from the events around us. We have noticed that time is a dimension thanks to Einstein. We learned from him that space and time are intertwined. We learned that mass is affecting and bending space and time. And we learned that time and mass are changing by velocity.

Then we noticed that the rules of the sub-atomic particles might be different from applied physics laws of substance. We saw the substance formed by some unified different particles and in the field of quantum that the possibilities and the uncertainty are valid.

After that we meet the idea of vibrating strings which are the substances of all particles of the universe.

We saw that our universe may have 11 dimensions (M-theory) instead of 4 dimensions according to mathematical calculations.

Perhaps now, thanks to CERN, we may be in the era of the proof of the existence of gravitons which may be the main carrier particles of gravity force

Finally, we discovered all of known matter and energy is only around 4-5% of the universe. The rest is dark matter (20-21%) and dark energy (75%).

We learn that small particles of dark matter which are undetectable constitute galaxies by their mass. At the same time, dark energy is pushing to expand the universe, the details still remain as a mystery.

Time is a derivative expansion of the universe.

In the universe, we know that all galaxies are moving away from each other. Far distant galaxies are faster than the ones that are close. With the expansion of the universe while galaxies move away from each other, due to the gravitational forces galaxies do not disintegrated. Like constant particles, on a balloon which is getting inflated.

Now we choose two particles on the surface of the balloon. Let's call (a) for the distance between two points on (1,2) surface and (a') (wormhole) for inner virtual distance of these two points.

(Figure 1)

With swelling of the balloon these two points will move away.
Let's call these distances b= (a+c) and  b’=(a’+c’).

(Figure 2)

(b-a=c) This difference is the amount of these two positions in a determined amount of time interval while moving away from each other.

I have no explanation for the difference of  wormholes (b'-a’=c’). But it may be related to time. (To measure them, we have to know the distance from center of universe and fixed angle of these points. )

 Let’s change perspective a little bit.

Imagine an observer fixed in space at the point of “2”. At the same time the observer is traveling to a different point (1') by time during the expansion of the universe although he is not moving in space.

Figure 3

This movement (2-1) gives us the current time for observer. Of course, time is not just a line as shown here.

(Imagine this point as any point in the universe. Then imagine an expansion takes place in all directions where the first point moves to a different point. )

The first three coordinates of the observer will be same in space when traveling from point of "2" to point of (1).
[(x, y, z)=(x', y', z')]

Only coordinate of (2) changed to (1). Therefore, time is irreversible.

After all this summary, I can brief my assumption.Time is not a scalar but a vectorial quantity.

Einstein makes a law for all the movements with special relativity:

The resultant velocity of all objects in space and time is always equal to the speed of light.

Compound movements of the object always complement each other in space and time.

A portion of the movement in time of the object at the speed of light is transferred to move in space, so that the resultant movement remains constant. This is slowing down of the movement of the object in time.

Now we consider an object fixed in space. This object coordinates (x,y,z) are still constant, although it is in the expanding space.

However, there is a difference between the first the second places.(2-1).

And it has a constant speed to travel this difference.

If the mass is low, it moves easily in the elastic tissue. Its speed is high. If mass is zero then it moves completely with the texture of space-time at the speed of light.

If it has mass, space-time texture will resist while it is moving in. (Higgs field)

If we succeed to rise its velocity, its speed will be closer to the speed of time wave. But it will never be faster than time wave.

Like a surfer on waves. The maximum velocity of surfer can only be the speed of wave. Otherwise, surfer can not be faster, unless s/he leaves the wave.

If space-time was not expanding at the speed of light like a wave, the photons could neither act like a particle nor like a wave. Photons look like the particles moving with the wave.

The time is the force which pressures the space for expanding. “Time” might be the dark energy.

Imagine a liquid balloon which is expanding with its full texture.

Its density is homogeneous and containing particles with constant rate. The particles will be away from each other while expanding.

Let’s try to imagine the movements of these particles.

While the ballon is expanding, the particles will be away from each other at lower speed than expanding speed of outside, the periphery of the balloon.

The particles moves in vectorial direction. However their three coordinates (x,y,z) are still same according to balloon. They have an unnoticeable speeds which enable these movements. The particles gain a steady momentum. This gives them mass. Masses of particles do not increase anymore. But they maintain constant mass while they are surfing with the expanding balloon.

So unless there is “the time”, there will be no mass of substances. The energy which occurs while the atoms are splitted or joined or changed to another form, is the energy, absorbed from “Time”